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Learn · Stems

What stems are.

The Mac desk with a song in three lanes

Learn · Stems

A song is layers.
Stems are the layers, apart.

A stem is one part of a finished song, on its own: the vocals, the drums, the instruments. A record is made by mixing the parts together. Separation works backwards from the finished mix.

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Where they come from

Recorded apart.
Heard together.

In the studio, each instrument is usually recorded on its own track. The engineer balances those tracks into one stereo mix: the song you hear. Stems are submixes of it, all the drums or all the vocals, printed on their own.

Once printed, the parts are no longer apart. The file holds one sound wave per channel, with every instrument added into it.

A song in three lanes on iPad

In Norah Studio

Vocals, drums,
and everything else.

Norah Studio separates a song into three stems: vocals, drums and instrumental. The instrumental holds the rest together: bass, guitars, keys and strings.

Each stem becomes a lane with its own gain, mute, solo and effect stack, and leaves as a file of its own when you export.

Uses

Practise, sing,
remix, study.

Musicians practise against the stems they do not play. Singers sing over the instrumental. Producers remix the parts, and students listen to one part at a time to hear how a song is built.

The vocals muted on the Mac, the band playing on